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Vijay Kumar

Chandrajit Balo Majumder

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of industrial wastewater discharges on the water quality of rivers and drains that are tributaries of the Ganga and Ramganga rivers, with a focus on areas in Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh, India. The research assesses industrial wastewater characteristics and evaluates its influence on key water quality parameters, including temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), chloride, nitrate, and ammoniacal nitrogen. The study incorporates monthly data from September 2020 to March 2021 collected at multiple locations along these river systems, including upstream and downstream of industrial discharge points.This study applies mathematical modelling using the Streeter-Phelps equation to assess the impact of industrial wastewater discharges on the dissolved oxygen (DO) levels and self-purification capacity of Chhoiya Drain which is tributary of the Ganga.The Chhoiya Drain, which receives effluents from multiple industries, showed a consistent decline in DO levels from 6.3 mg/L upstream to 2.7 mg/L downstream. The Streeter-Phelps model for this drain indicated a high oxygen demand due to the presence of organic and chemical pollutants, with the BOD peaking at 28 mg/L downstream. The model predicts that unless effluent treatment is improved, the drain's self-purification capacity will remain severely limited, affecting aquatic life and the overall riverine ecosystem.

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