Exploring the Treatment of Intracranial Germinoma: Leveraging Emerging Trends in Nanotechnology for Enhanced Diagnosis and Therapy
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Maria Gabriela D. Gonzales
Abstract
Primary intracranial germ cell tumors (ICGCTs) are rare, accounting for less than 1% of all central nervous system (CNS) cancers. Germinoma, the most common subtype, is an aggressive tumor that primarily affects males aged 10 to 21 years, typically in midline brain structures such as the pineal and suprasellar regions. The clinical triad of visual disturbances, diabetes insipidus, and panhypopituitarism is common in tumors located in the suprasellar region, due to their proximity to the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.Treatment for intracranial germinomas generally includes a combination of radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery to reduce tumor size and prevent recurrence. However, these conventional treatments often lead to long-term side effects, including cognitive impairments, endocrine disorders, and neurological deficits, severely affecting patients' quality of life. Alongside tumor management, addressing endocrinopathies through hormone replacement therapy is crucial. Despite these interventions, the prognosis for patients with β-HCG-secreting tumors remains challenging, underscoring the need for more targeted therapies. Recent advancements in nanotechnology and targeted drug delivery systems show promise in improving treatment precision, minimizing side effects, and enhancing outcomes. Further research is necessary to refine these emerging therapies and develop personalized approaches to improve patient care and survival rates.
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