Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Investigation of Elaeocarpus Tectorius Leaf and Bark Extracts
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Simhadri Ramadevi
G. Venkateswara Rao
Abstract
Plants generate a diverse array of phytochemical constituents, which are secondary metabolites that find application in the pharmaceutical industry, either directly or indirectly. Throughout history, humans have adeptly harnessed different parts of plants or their extracts to combat a wide range of ailments, such as bacterial infections. In the current investigation, chloroform, aqueous, acetone, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of Elaeocarpus tectorius leaf and bark were evaluated for their antimicrobial properties using the well-diffusion method against 4 bacterial strains: Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas fluroscens, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. Both leaf and bark demonstrated satisfactory activity, with the leaf displaying the highest level of activity. The methanol, chloroform, and aqueous extracts showed the highest activity, followed by the ethyl acetate extracts. Less or no activity was observed in the acetone extracts. The extracts underwent screening to identify their phytochemical components through standard protocols. They were found to comprise alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, tannins, phenols, steroids, quinones, proteins, carbohydrates, and saponins. The antibacterial activity of these extracts may be attributed to the presence of flavonoids, steroids, saponins, or tannins. Additional studies are necessary in order to identify the specific active components of Elaeocarpus tectorius.
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