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Richa Wadhawan

Shreyansh Ahirwar

Sushma Mishra

Bhumika Panchal

Pratiksha Shrivastava

Shruti Kalbage

Abstract

The failure of the implant-abutment connection is a critical concern in dental implantology, as it directly impacts the durability and function of dental restorations. Key issues such as micro-movement, inadequate sealing, and mechanical fatigue are identified as primary causes of loosening, corrosion, and eventual failure at the abutment interface. By analyzing clinical studies and biomechanical models, the review provides a comprehensive understanding of the vulnerabilities in implant-abutment systems and offers suggestions for improving connection integrity. These recommendations include selecting advanced materials, improving surface treatments, and optimizing prosthetic designs to enhance the longevity and performance of dental implants. Additionally, it is noted that modifications in implant placement during the initial surgery can lead to significant challenges during second-stage surgery, with the choice of an inappropriate abutment further complicating the situation. Despite the progress made in implant systems, the mechanical aspects of implant-supported prostheses should remain a top priority. From an engineering perspective, implants with an internal hexagon connection paired with a Morse taper are considered superior to external hex implants, as they offer a stronger connection, better load distribution, and less micro-movement. This review consolidates current knowledge by exploring the key factors that contribute to the failure of these connections, emphasizing the mechanical, material, and design aspects involved. The review examines how implant design, surface treatments, and occlusal forces contribute to these failures.

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