A Review on Exploring Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion Consequences through IN VITRO and IN VIVO Animal Models for Targeted Screening of Anti-Anginal Drugs
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Mohseen
Rashmi Dorai
Yashika Saini
Mohammad Tauqeer Sheikh
Surbhi Sanjay Bhope
Gaurav S. Mude
Tarannum Rizwan Sayyad
Samiksha Prashant Warke
Prashant Dnyandeo Warke
Rajiv Roy
Bhawna Sharma
Abstract
The pathophysiological process called myocardial ischemia, which is characterized by an insufficient blood supply to the myocardium with subsequent reperfusion, is crucial in the development of many cardiovascular diseases. With a focus on evaluating the potential of new antianginal drugs, this review aims to fully assess the effects of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion using in vitro and in vivo animal models. An accurate mechanistic view of cellular responses is possible through in vitro models using isolated cardiac cells and tissues to recreate ischemia and reperfusion situations under controlled conditions. These models are important for understanding cell remodeling, oxidative stress processes, and the molecular pathways involved in cardiac damage. A more comprehensive understanding of the systemic consequences of ischemia-reperfusion injury on cardiac function, hemodynamics and overall cardiovascular homeostasis is provided by in vivo animal models such as rats and pigs. We aim to use a mix of these models to better understand the complex molecular processes underlying ischemia-reperfusion injury and to assess the efficacy of new antianginal drugs. We can assess the effectiveness of a drug treatment in terms of its ability to reduce myocardial damage, improve cardiac function, and improve overall recovery after ischemia by simulating clinical conditions and using state-of-the-art imaging tools. The results of this study have important implications for the development of targeted therapies for ischemic heart disease. Our review helps identify potential antianginal drugs for further clinical trials, thereby bridging the gap between in vitro molecular knowledge and in vivo physiological relevance. The ultimate goal of these studies is to improve patient outcomes by demonstrating state-of-the-art treatments for myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury.
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