The circular economy and intelligent decentralization, nanotechnologies and materials, minerals and mining

Abstract

The circular economy, materials, minerals and mining (M3), nanotechnologies and intelligent decentralization are inseparably intertwined, which means that future economic strategies needs to take a holistic or systems approach. COVID-19 has inverted the notions of productive and essential activities, and brought to light the shortcomings of the linear silo approach in academia, industry and public administration, which today often predominates for reasons of short-term efficiency and checks and balances.