Neuro-Nanotechnology Applications for The Diagnosis and Treatment of Speech Disorders

Abstract

The problem of neuropsychological characteristics of speech disorders and their classification, despite a significant number of studies, to date, remains insufficiently studied, leaving a wide range of questions of speech pathology in aphasia unanswered. The study of the structure of the process of understanding speech in normal conditions, as well as the psychological structure of its impairment in case of brain damage, is of great importance for such a branch of neuropsychology as recovery training of patients with local brain damage. Among the various aspects of aphasic disorders, the problem of purposeful rehabilitation of speech functions is of particular importance, both theoretical and practical. The purpose of the study of this article was to determine the most effective methods for diagnosing and restoring the speech comprehension function in patients with sensory aphasia. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the restoration of speech comprehension in patients with sensory aphasia is determined by the polymorphic structure of etiopathogenesis for topical, syndromic and functional disorders and is based on the translational potential from subcortical to cortical structures; from primary to secondary and tertiary structures of functional systems of phonetic and auditory-speech analyzers; with reliance on other analyzers involved in the functional system of phonetic perception with retrospective stimulation of brain areas that, for one reason or another, are functionally impaired. The authors of the article have proved that the success of the restoration of lost functions in the process of restoring speech comprehension in patients with sensory aphasia directly depends on the intensity of corrective and rehabilitation work, both in a hospital or a rehabilitation center, and independently.